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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of a strong response, good tolerance, and safety throughout the entire life span. It is crucial to find the right dosage and medication that eases your child's or your own symptoms without causing adverse consequences. This can take a lot trial and error as well as an open communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are widely used as enhancement of cognitive and performance by athletes, students artists, workers, and students. medication adhd adults are also used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. The most popular stimulant drugs are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. Immediate-release pills are usually taken every 4 hours. They can cause an abrupt, short-term drop in energy known as a crash after they have worn off. The crash may cause extreme craving, mood swings and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in some people. This is especially the case when they don't consume enough food. Extended-release medications are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of between 8 and 16 hours. This type of medication may be prescribed by a doctor when you're looking for long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take pills several times a day. Methylphenidate medications in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Daytrana is a methylphenidate with a long-acting product that adheres to your skin like a bandage, and is able to last for the entire day. This kind of medication is available to adults suffering from ADHD and require a daily dosage that lasts longer than immediate-release options. Stimulant medications don't treat ADHD however they can help manage symptoms by enhancing the way that neurons in the brain communicate with each other. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the level of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine, in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and it aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more efficiently transferred and received. Doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants for ADHD. The majority of antidepressants that doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in your brain. One class, referred to as selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, is a great option for those suffering from depression or anxiety, too. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Your doctor may switch between stimulant and a non-stimulant medication if your current medication isn't working or has an unacceptably adverse effects. Long-acting Stimulants can help 70% to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce symptoms like fidgeting and talking over others. They can also improve the social skills of employees and improve their performance. The stimulant medication starts to work as soon as it crosses the blood-brain barriers that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They boost the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine within brain cells which reduces the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant drugs contain two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). The stimulants can trigger side effects including upset stomach, decreased appetite, elevated blood pressure and heart rate headaches, as well as anxiety or nervousness. They can also make tics more severe and trigger sleep problems for some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) can be used throughout the night and day unlike the short-acting drugs which last only for a couple of hours. They can be used to treat other ailments like anxiety or depression. These medications work by changing the ways your body regulates chemicals known as monoamine oxides. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine in the brain and other neurotransmitters. These chemicals stay in your body longer if they are not broken down. This could affect your behavior and even your thinking. Long-acting medication can have fewer adverse effects. Your doctor may prescribe smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Some stimulants come in extended-release form that you can take every day. Some adults may find this more convenient however, it is important to keep in mind to take your stimulants each day. SSRIs and other medications have shown to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. SSRIs are typically prescribed to treat anxiety or depression but can be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people react to these medications. Bupropion, also referred to as Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was found to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These SSRIs can cause serious side effects such as hearing ringing anxiety, a change to vision and heart and lung function in some people. Short-acting Stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals aid people to manage their behavior and improve their focus. They are available in numerous forms, and each has its own brand name, such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two major kinds of stimulant medicines such as the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but their duration of action differs. The methylphenidates have a shorter-lasting effect lasting for up to three hours. Amphetamines on the contrary hand have a longer-lasting effect. Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, and your doctor might prescribe them. It is crucial to know as much as you can about the medication. This includes any side effects, how frequently it is recommended to take it, and any warnings. This will make it easier to work with your doctor to determine the best dosage and medication for you. These medications can also cause some negative side effects such as difficulty sleeping or a decrease in appetite. If these occur consult your physician about adjusting the dosage or trying different medications. Adults suffering from ADHD, who do not respond well to stimulants, may be treated with nonstimulant medication. These medications take longer to effect but they improve the capacity to focus and control impulses. These medications are available either in combination or on their own. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera or Qelbree is the first. It works by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex which controls the behavior. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv), which belongs to a class of drugs called alpha agonists. These drugs block reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has now been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD make use of a variety drug combinations. These include stimulants combined with depressants such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs have a calming effect on the brain, and can decrease symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They also help to prevent withdrawal symptoms caused by stimulants. This combination could be risky however, if it is not used correctly. Serotonin syndrome is a drug emergency that occurs when there is a high concentration of serotonin in the body. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. People with heart disease or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing adverse effects from this medication. Young adults and teens are increasingly taking stimulant-based combinations. These substances, which are sold in pharmacies, are called “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when combined with alcohol or other substances. This is known as polydrug use, and can be extremely dangerous. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictable and harmful consequences. They include an increase in heart rate, slowed breathing, hallucinations and paranoia. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD, according to a study. Combining medications helped improve adherence and allowed patients to achieve better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However some patients halted their treatment because of side effects. In some cases, the medication was discontinued due to sleep issues or worsening tics. This could be a result of a poor diagnosis, or a inaccessibility to medications. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. These drugs are effective in improving the quality of attention and impulse control however, they do not perform as well as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however, they have a less chance of enhancing concentration and focus. In several studies, atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate produced better results than any drug on its on its own. Combining these two medications helped improve the adherence of patients and decreased side effects for most people. The combination was also effective in adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable solution for children suffering from severe ADHD.